{"id":14930,"date":"2015-09-16T14:21:14","date_gmt":"2015-09-16T11:21:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kvitkainfo.com\/bez-kategoriyi\/poustni-kaktus-pece.html"},"modified":"2025-11-11T21:43:56","modified_gmt":"2025-11-11T19:43:56","slug":"poustni-kaktus-pece","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kvitkainfo.com\/cs\/pokojove-rostliny\/poustni-kaktus-pece.html","title":{"rendered":"Pou\u0161tn\u00ed kaktus – p\u00e9\u010de"},"content":{"rendered":"

\nKaktus je st\u00e1lezelen\u00e1 rostlina, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 \u0161\u0165avnat\u00e9 stonky s trny dvorce, pat\u0159\u00ed do rodu Sucolentae. Dvorce jsou trny a chlupy na stonc\u00edch kaktusu. Kaktusy poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z Ameriky, v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b rostou v pou\u0161ti, kr\u00e1sn\u011b kvetou, sn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed sucho i dlouhotrvaj\u00edc\u00ed horko. <\/p>

\"collage_plodi_kaktusa\"<\/figure>

P\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edchodem kaktus\u016f do Ameriky pou\u017e\u00edvali domorodci kaktusy<\/strong> jako potravu, jako l\u00e9k a pro stavebnictv\u00ed. V Mexiku se jed\u00ed jako ovoce; Jsou zde tak\u00e9 plant\u00e1\u017ee pro p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed kaktusov\u00fdch plod\u016f. <\/p>

Tady, na Ukrajin\u011b, se kaktusy vyskytuj\u00ed jako okrasn\u00e9 rostliny<\/strong>. Jsme zvykl\u00ed v\u00eddat kaktusy ve tvaru mal\u00fdch kulat\u00fdch nebo prot\u00e1hl\u00fdch ostnat\u00fdch kuli\u010dek. V p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b jsou kaktusy podobn\u00e9 strom\u016fm – ke\u0159ovit\u00e9 se n\u011bkdy neli\u0161\u00ed od b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch strom\u016f; sloupovit\u00fd – z d\u00e1lky vypadaj\u00ed jako v\u00edcemetrov\u00e9 rozv\u011btven\u00e9 sloupy; ampelous – se stonky ohnut\u00fdmi k zemi; li\u00e1na – roste na skal\u00e1ch, na kamenech, na zemi a na stromech; Lesn\u00ed kaktusy jsou zcela odli\u0161n\u00e9 od pou\u0161tn\u00edch kaktus\u016f a rostou na stromech. <\/p>

\"kaktus111<\/figure>

<\/p>

P\u00e9\u010de o pou\u0161tn\u00ed kaktusy<\/h2>

P\u0159i spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010di a v\u010dasn\u00e9 transplantaci budou kaktusy vypadat zdrav\u011b a pot\u011b\u0161\u00ed va\u0161e oko sv\u00fdm neobvykl\u00fdm kv\u011btem. Je t\u0159eba si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee kaktusy se li\u0161\u00ed od ostatn\u00edch pokojov\u00fdch rostlin, tak\u017ee p\u0159ebytek vody v p\u016fd\u011b m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit smrt kaktusu a letn\u00ed horko a such\u00e1 p\u016fda „po\u0161le“ kaktus do hibernace. Aby kaktusy doma dob\u0159e rostly a kvetly, pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed v zim\u011b n\u00edzkou teplotu a v l\u00e9t\u011b stinn\u00e9 m\u00edsto, m\u00edrnou teplotu (a\u017e 25 stup\u0148\u016f) a dostate\u010dnou z\u00e1livku. <\/p>

\"kaktus_doglyad\"<\/figure>

Teplota vzduchu pro kaktusy<\/h3>

Teplota by m\u011bla b\u00fdt m\u00edrn\u00e1 od jara do podzimu. V zim\u011b je pot\u0159eba udr\u017eovat teplotu mezi 15-18 stupni, n\u011bkter\u00e9 kaktusy maj\u00ed schopnost vydr\u017eet i 5 stup\u0148\u016f. Ale kaktusy, kter\u00e9 jsou za chladn\u00fdch noc\u00ed na parapetu v nevyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00e9 m\u00edstnosti, je nejlep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159em\u00edstit na teplej\u0161\u00ed m\u00edsto. Kaktusy Cepha-locereus senilis a Espostoalanata nesnesou teploty ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 15 stup\u0148\u016f. <\/p>

Jas sv\u011btla pro kaktusy<\/h3>

Kaktusy miluj\u00ed sv\u011btlo, pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed jasn\u00e9 rozpt\u00fdlen\u00e9 sv\u011btlo, zejm\u00e9na v zim\u011b.<\/p>

\"pestelni_kaktusi\"<\/figure>

Zal\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed a vlhkost pro pou\u0161tn\u00ed kaktusy<\/h3>

Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pravidlo zal\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed: je lep\u0161\u00ed nep\u0159id\u00e1vat ne\u017e p\u0159epl\u0148ovat. Na ja\u0159e se z\u00e1livka za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 zvy\u0161ovat, v obdob\u00ed duben – srpen by z\u00e1livka m\u011bla b\u00fdt stejn\u00e1 jako u b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch pokojov\u00fdch rostlin (za p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee je m\u00edstnost slune\u010dn\u00e1 a tepl\u00e1) – jak zem\u011b vysych\u00e1. Kaktusy je t\u0159eba zal\u00e9vat m\u011bkkou a teplou vodou. Na konci l\u00e9ta se z\u00e1livka postupn\u011b sni\u017euje a od poloviny podzimu se zal\u00e9v\u00e1 velmi z\u0159\u00eddka a droby (pol\u00e9vkov\u00fdmi l\u017e\u00edcemi). <\/p>

Kaktusy nepot\u0159ebuj\u00ed post\u0159ik (krom\u011b Cleistocactus m\u016f\u017eete st\u0159\u00edkat), v hork\u00fdch, dusn\u00fdch dnech nest\u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed rostlinu, ale kolem n\u00ed. <\/p>

\"peresadka_kaktusa\"<\/figure>

P\u016fda a p\u0159esazov\u00e1n\u00ed pou\u0161tn\u00edch kaktus\u016f<\/h3>

U kaktus\u016f se zemn\u00ed sm\u011bsi pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed hlavn\u011b ve stejn\u00fdch d\u00edlech kompostu a p\u00edsku s p\u0159\u00eddavkem uhl\u00ed a ra\u0161eliny. Tato sm\u011bs zeminy je sypk\u00e1, vzdu\u0161n\u00e1 a dostate\u010dn\u011b vlhk\u00e1. Chemick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed zem\u011b pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy kaktus\u016f pot\u0159ebuje ve stejn\u00e9m pom\u011bru organick\u00e9 a miner\u00e1ln\u00ed slo\u017eky, ale kyselost by m\u011bla b\u00fdt n\u00edzk\u00e1. <\/p>

<\/p>

Mlad\u00e9 kaktusy se p\u0159esazuj\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd rok, 3-4let\u00e9 kaktusy – ka\u017ed\u00fdch p\u00e1r let. P\u0159esazov\u00e1n\u00ed se nejl\u00e9pe prov\u00e1d\u00ed na za\u010d\u00e1tku vegeta\u010dn\u00edho obdob\u00ed. Nov\u00fd kv\u011btin\u00e1\u010d by m\u011bl b\u00fdt o 1 cm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ten p\u0159edchoz\u00ed. P\u0159ed p\u0159esazen\u00edm (dva a\u017e t\u0159i dny) kaktus nezal\u00e9vejte, zem\u011b se snadno rozpadne od ko\u0159en\u016f. Chcete-li trnit\u00fd kaktus vyt\u00e1hnout z kv\u011btin\u00e1\u010de, zabalte ho do pap\u00edru. Po p\u0159esazen\u00ed n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed nezal\u00e9vejte ani nevystavujte slunci. V\u00fdb\u011br kv\u011btin\u00e1\u010de pro kaktus by m\u011bl odpov\u00eddat velikosti ko\u0159enov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. Pokud m\u00e1 kaktus kr\u00e1tkou d\u00e9lku ko\u0159en\u016f, zvolte n\u00edzk\u00fd kv\u011btin\u00e1\u010d a kaktusy s v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmi ko\u0159eny pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed hlub\u0161\u00ed kv\u011btin\u00e1\u010d. Kaktusy se p\u011bstuj\u00ed v plastu (p\u016fda vysych\u00e1 pomaleji, je lep\u0161\u00ed vysadit mlad\u00e9 rostliny, kter\u00e9 do takov\u00fdch kv\u011btin\u00e1\u010d\u016f zako\u0159en\u00ed), ale to nen\u00ed v\u016fbec p\u0159edpoklad, kv\u011btin\u00e1\u010d m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt hlin\u011bn\u00fd (p\u016fda rychleji vysych\u00e1 a po zal\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed chladne) nebo sklo (v\u011bt\u0161inou se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 na dekoraci). Ka\u017ed\u00fd kv\u011btin\u00e1\u010d mus\u00ed m\u00edt dren\u00e1\u017en\u00ed otvor pro odvod p\u0159ebyte\u010dn\u00e9 vody – to je mo\u017en\u00e1 jedna z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch podm\u00ednek pro p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed sukulent\u016f. <\/p>

\"collage_rozmnozhennya_kaktusiv\"<\/figure>

Reprodukce pou\u0161tn\u00edch kaktus\u016f<\/h3>

V\u011bt\u0161ina druh\u016f pou\u0161tn\u00edch kaktus\u016f se vegetativn\u011b rozmno\u017euje na ja\u0159e nebo v l\u00e9t\u011b. Kaktusov\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzky se nakr\u00e1jej\u00ed (ji\u017e maj\u00ed z\u00e1rode\u010dn\u00e9 ko\u0159eny), su\u0161\u00ed se 2-4 dny p\u0159ed v\u00fdsadbou do sm\u011bsi na b\u00e1zi ra\u0161eliny, po chv\u00edli se u kaktusu vyvine ko\u0159enov\u00fd syst\u00e9m. <\/p>

Kaktusy se mno\u017e\u00ed tak\u00e9 semeny<\/a>. P\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed kaktus\u016f ze semen je v\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 a pom\u011brn\u011b obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce. Nejprve mus\u00ed b\u00fdt zakoupen\u00e1 semena dezinfikov\u00e1na v roztoku manganistanu draseln\u00e9ho. D\u00e1le nalijte zeminu v mal\u00e9 vrstv\u011b do 1 cm a rozprost\u0159ete semena. Zem\u011b mus\u00ed b\u00fdt neust\u00e1le vlhk\u00e1, proto mus\u00ed b\u00fdt pokryta sklem nebo f\u00f3li\u00ed – t\u00edm se vytvo\u0159\u00ed vhodn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky pro kl\u00ed\u010den\u00ed semen. V z\u00e1vislosti na druhu kaktusu a kvalit\u011b semen m\u016f\u017ee doba kl\u00ed\u010den\u00ed trvat od jednoho dne do n\u011bkolika m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f. Jakmile maj\u00ed rostliny prvn\u00ed trny, je t\u0159eba se pono\u0159it do jednotliv\u00fdch kv\u011btin\u00e1\u010d\u016f ve v\u00fd\u017eivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm substr\u00e1tu. Ve v\u011bku n\u011bkolika m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed mlad\u00e9 kaktusy stejnou p\u00e9\u010di jako ostatn\u00ed kaktusy. Semena je vhodn\u00e9 vys\u00e9vat na konci zimy, aby se sazenice objevily brzy na ja\u0159e. <\/p>

\"cactus_cvitinnya\"<\/figure>

Kaktusov\u00fd kv\u011bt<\/h3>

Jak p\u0159im\u011bt kaktus kv\u00e9st?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Obdob\u00ed kv\u011btu mnoha kaktus\u016f se neshoduje s obdob\u00edm aktivn\u00edho r\u016fstu.<\/p>

N\u011bkter\u00e9 kaktusy (Lobivia, Parodia, Notocactus…) kvetou pom\u011brn\u011b \u010dasto v mlad\u00e9m v\u011bku, zat\u00edmco jin\u00e9, jako nap\u0159. Opuntia a Cereus, sv\u00e9 kv\u011bty pot\u011b\u0161\u00ed jen z\u0159\u00eddka. Kveten\u00ed kaktus\u016f lze o\u010dek\u00e1vat p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b ve v\u011bku 3 – 4 let, pot\u00e9 by m\u011bly kv\u00e9st ka\u017ed\u00fd rok. Tajemstv\u00ed kveten\u00ed kaktus\u016f je v mlad\u00fdch v\u00fdhonc\u00edch, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed kvetouc\u00ed pupeny, a to vy\u017eaduje n\u00e1le\u017eitou p\u00e9\u010di v l\u00e9t\u011b i v zim\u011b. Pro stimulaci kveten\u00ed kaktusu je velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 chovat rostlinu ve st\u00edsn\u011bn\u00e9m kv\u011btin\u00e1\u010di. <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kaktus je st\u00e1lezelen\u00e1 rostlina, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 \u0161\u0165avnat\u00e9 stonky s trny dvorce, pat\u0159\u00ed do rodu Sucolentae. Dvorce jsou trny a chlupy na stonc\u00edch kaktusu. Kaktusy poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z Ameriky, v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b rostou v pou\u0161ti, kr\u00e1sn\u011b kvetou, sn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed sucho i dlouhotrvaj\u00edc\u00ed horko. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":14933,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kadence_starter_templates_imported_post":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[83],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14930","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pokojove-rostliny"],"yoast_head":"\nPou\u0161tn\u00ed kaktus - p\u00e9\u010de<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Jak se starat o pou\u0161tn\u00ed kaktusy, aby kvetly. 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